IELTS: Introduction, Scoring Table, and Tips

Introduction of IELTS IELTS stands for International English Language Testing System which is developed to give a fair and accurate assessment of English language proficiency. Language specialists from Australia, Canada, New Zealand, the UK, and the USA help to develop IELTS questions. The test includes …

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Clinical Microbiology Laboratory Design: Introduction, Section Details, Special Features and, Keynotes

Clinical Microbiology Laboratory Design: Introduction, Section Details, Special Features and, Keynotes

Introduction of Clinical Microbiology Laboratory Design No doubt, developing ‘Clinical Microbiology Laboratory Design’ is really a hard task since the following factors affect it directly or indirectly- Sections Details Section 1 is the green zone and is fully safe. It has the following cabins- Section …

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Microbes of Respiratory Infections: Introduction, List of Microbes, and Keynotes

Microbes of Respiratory Infections

Introduction for Microbes of Respiratory Infections The respiratory tract is a common site of infection since it comes in direct contact with the physical environment and is exposed to airborne microbes where a human takes about 20,000 breaths each day on average. Respiratory tract infection …

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Microbes Responsible for Bloodstream Infections: Introduction, List of Microbes, and Keynotes

Microbes Responsible for Bloodstream Infections

Introduction of Microbes Responsible for Bloodstream Infections Bloodstream infections (BSIs) occur when microbes can enter the bloodstream as a severe complication of infections like pneumonia or meningitis, during surgery, or due to catheters and other foreign bodies invading the arteries or veins. Bloodstream infections (BSIs) …

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VITEK 2 Compact and VITEK MS: Introduction, Differences and Keynotes

VITEK 2 Compact System: Introduction, Testing Requirements, Testing Procedure, Result Interpretation and Keynotes

Introduction The VITEK 2 compact system is an automated microbiology bacteria and yeasts identification and antimicrobial susceptibility system which uses biochemicals for microbial identification whereas, VITEK MS performs the same function by covering a large number of microbes in a short time period at a …

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Some Typical Arrangements of Bacteria: List, Keynotes, and, Few Related Images

Some Typical Shape, Size and Arrangements of Bacteria

List of Some Typical Arrangements of Bacteria In this chapter, we discuss some typical arrangements of bacteria like Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, pneumococcus, Enterococcus, Micrococcus, Neisseria species, Bacillus anthracis, Diphtheroids, Corynebacterium diphtheriae, Listeria monocytogenes, Vibrio cholerae, Campylobacter, Helicobacter, Treponema, Leptospira, Borrelia, etc. S.No. Arrangements  Organisms 1. Gram-positive cocci …

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Gram-Positive and Gram-Negative Bacteria: Introduction, Differences, and Related Footage

Differences between Gram Positive and Gram Negative Bacteria: Introduction, and Related Footages

Introduction of Gram-Positive and Gram-Negative Bacteria ‘Gram-Positive Bacilli (GPB)‘ is also called Gram-Positive Rods (GPR) bacteria which retain crystal violet dye and stain blue or purple on Gram’s staining. The most common medically important bacteria of GPR are Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Mycobacterium leprae, Listeria monocytogenes, Nocardia asteroides, Actinomyces israelii, Bacillus anthracis, Bacillus cereus, Bifidobacterium species, Corynebacterium …

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Enterococcus faecalis: Introduction, Keynotes, and Related Footage

Enterococcus faecalis in CLED medium, blood agar, Gram staining, MacConkey medium without bile salt and cystal violet and bile esculin test

Introduction Enterococcus faecalis (previously identified as Streptococcus faecalis) is a Gram-positive coccus in singles, pairs, and even short chains which is a commensal member of the gut microbiota of a wide range of microbes. With the advent of antibiotic therapy, it has emerged as a …

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