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Introduction of Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory As we know, simple diseases are due to either metabolic disorders or infectious agents (bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasites, prions). Molecular Diagnostics is a powerful tool for the identification of both conditions at genetic levels (e.g. metabolic disorders like cancer, and …
Introduction for Microbes of Respiratory Infections The respiratory tract is a common site of infection since it comes in direct contact with the physical environment and is exposed to airborne microbes where a human takes about 20,000 breaths each day on average. Respiratory tract infection …
Introduction of Microbes Responsible for Bloodstream Infections Bloodstream infections (BSIs) occur when microbes can enter the bloodstream as a severe complication of infections like pneumonia or meningitis, during surgery, or due to catheters and other foreign bodies invading the arteries or veins. Bloodstream infections (BSIs) …
Introduction of Seasonal flu and COVID-19 Seasonal flu and COVID-19 both are contagious respiratory illnesses, but their causative agents are different viruses. The etiological agent of COVID-19 is severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‑CoV‑2) first identified in 2019 while flu is caused by infection …
Introduction of Bacteria and Virus Bacteria are member of a large group of living unicellular microbes having size of cocci 0.5-1.0 µm while bacilli 1-10 µm×3-10µm which have cell walls but lacking an organized nucleus, including some that can cause disease like pneumonia, tuberculosis, food …
Introduction of VTM VTM stands for viral transport medium. It is the medium for the storage and transportation of viruses. It does not only preserve viral infectivity within the specimen but also prevents the specimen from drying as well as prevents the growth of other …
Introduction of Virus Replication Virus replication is s a complex process and totally depends on the host cell due to the lack of an enzyme system. Single replication of virus completes in 15-30 hours. Steps in Virus Replications Virus replication steps are as follows- Adsorption …
Introduction The virus has either DNA or RNA nucleic acid and RNA viruses have RNA nucleic acids. During the replication of these viruses, there are at least three types of RNA that must be synthesized. They are- the genome, a copy of the genome (copy …