Presence of Numerous Pus Cells Without Detectable Microbes in Gram-Stained Sputum: Introduction, Diagnostic Implications, and Clinical Considerations

Presence of Numerous Pus Cells Without Detectable Microbes in Gram-Stained Sputum: Introduction, Diagnostic Implications, and Clinical Considerations

Introduction Gram staining is a routine diagnostic tool for respiratory infections. It reveals bacteria in sputum samples. Occasionally, Gram staining shows numerous pus cells but no microbes. This finding raises several clinical questions and concerns. Pus cells indicate an inflammatory response. They suggest a possible …

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Helicobacter pylori Antigen Test: Introduction, Principle,Test Procedure,Test Result, Unit, Reference Range, Testing Methods,and Keynotes

Helicobacter pylori Antigen Test- Introduction, Principle,Test Procedure,Test Result, Unit, Reference Range, Testing Methods,and Keynotes

Introduction Introduction: Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a bacterium that colonizes the human stomach and is a major cause of various gastrointestinal disorders, including gastritis, peptic ulcers, and even gastric cancer. The discovery of H. pylori‘s role in these diseases revolutionized the field of gastroenterology …

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