Coomb Test: Introduction, Types, Principle, Test Requirements, Test Procedure, Result and Interpretation, and Clinical Significance

Coomb Test Reagents-Anti- D serum and Anti-human globulin (AHG) or Coomb’s reagent

Introduction of Coomb Test Direct Coomb Test (DCT) is a type of Coomb test also called the anti-globulin test. It is of two types-Direct Coomb’s test (DCT) and the Indirect Coomb’s test (ICT). DCT uses to detect sensitized red blood cells (RBCs) while ICT detects …

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Indirect Coomb Test (ICT): Introduction, Principle, Test Requirements, Test Procedure, Result and Interpretation, and Clinical Significance

Indirect Coomb Test Observation

Introduction of  Indirect Coomb Test (ICT) The indirect Coomb Test is a type of Coomb’s test also called the anti-globulin test. It is of two types-Direct Coomb’s test (DCT) and the Indirect Coomb’s test (ICT). DCT uses to detect sensitized red blood cells (RBCs) while …

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Direct Coomb Test (DCT): Introduction, Principle, Test Requirements, Test Procedure, Result and Interpretation, and Clinical Significance

Direct Coomb Test (DCT) Observation

Introduction of Direct Coomb Test (DCT) Direct Coomb Test (DCT) is a type of Coomb test also called the anti-globulin test. It is of two types-Direct Coomb’s test (DCT) and the Indirect Coomb’s test (ICT). DCT uses to detect sensitized red blood cells (RBCs) while …

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MR-VP Test: Introduction, Principle, Test Requirement, Procedure, Result- Interpretation, and Keynotes

Result and Interpretation of Voges Proskauer Test

Introduction of MR-VP Test MR-VP test stands for Methyl Red –Voges Proskauer Test. MR-VP test will be discussed in two tests separately. One is for Methyl Red (MR) test and while other is for Voges Proskauer (VP)test. Introduction of Methyl Red Test The Methyl Red test is …

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Voges Proskauer Test: Introduction, Principle, Test Requirements, Test Procedure, Result-Interpretation, Positive and Negative Bacteria, and Limitations

Voges Proskauer Test Reagents, Negative and Positive Test Results of VP Tests

Voges-Proskauer (VP ) Test Voges Proskauer  test for identification to the species level of the following groups of organisms Principle of Voges Proskauer Test Organisms utilizing the butylene glycol pathway produce acetylmethylcarbinol (acetoin) and butanediol, neutral end products that raise the pH towards neutrality (pH …

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Methyl Red Test: Introduction, Principle, Test Requirements, Test Procedure, Result-Interpretation, Positive and Negative Bacteria, and Limitations

Methyl Red Test-Positive and Negative Test Results

Introduction of Methyl Red Test The Methyl Red test is for enteric gram-negative rods, as part of identification to species level. Its short name is MR test. Principle of Methyl Red Test The methyl red (MR) test uses to determine if an organism is able …

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Escherichia hermanii: Introduction, Classification, Pathogenecity, Lab Diagnosis, Treatment, and Keynotes

Escherichia hermanii colony morphology on MacConkey agar

Introduction of Escherichia hermanii Escherichia hermannii is a gram-negative rod. This bacterium belongs to the family of Enterobacteriaceae. It was first described in 1982. It had been previously known as enteric group 11 of Escherichia coli but was later reclassified as a distinct species in …

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Auramine-Phenol Fluorochrome Staining: Introduction, Principle, Test Requirements, Test Procedure, Result- Interpretation, Limitations, and Keynotes

Acid fast bacilli (AFB) of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Auramine-phenol fluorochrome Staining

Introduction of Auramine-Phenol stain Auramine-Phenol is a fluorochrome stain used to visualize acid-fast structures of various microorganisms, especially Mycobacterium tuberculosis and in modified form for Mycobacterium leprae, Nocardia species, Cryptosporidium parvum, Cyclospora cayetanensis , Isospora belli, and fungal spores. Ziehl-Neelsen (hot), and Kinyoun (cold) are still widely used methods to detect acid-fast structures …

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