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Introduction of Nitrate or Nitrite Reduction Test The nitrate or nitrite reduction test uses to determine the ability of an organism to reduce nitrate to nitrite. Anaerobic metabolism requires an electron acceptor other than atmospheric oxygen. Many gram-negative bacteria use nitrate as the final electron acceptor. The …
Introduction of DNase Test for Bacteria DNase tests positive and negative bacteria as shown below image. This test is useful for the presumptive identification of Staphylococcus aureus which produces the enzyme deoxyribonuclease (DNase) from other Staphylococci which do not produce DNase. This test is also positive in the following …
Introduction of Culture Media Culture media are required to grow the organisms and they are generally from clinical specimens to identify the causative agent. Common Ingredients of Culture Media Common Ingredients of Culture Media and their basic constituents are as follows- Water: It is the …
Introduction of Aeromonas hydrophila Aeromonas hydrophila is a gram-negative, facultative anaerobe, rod-shaped motile(due to single polar flagellum) bacterium without capsule and spore having a size from 0.3-1.0 µm wide by 1.0-3.5 µm long. It is generally found in the aquatic environment. Its presence can not …
Introduction of Enterobacter cloacae Enterobacter cloacae is a facultative anaerobic Gram-negative bacterium of size 0.3-0.6 x 0.8-2.0 μm. It is lacking capsule and spore and it is motile due to flagella which is a member of the Enterobacteriaceae family. E. cloacae is the normal gut …
Introduction of Shigella flexneri Shigella are Gram-negative bacilli measuring about 1-3 µm X 0.5 µm. They are non-motile, non-encapsulated, non-sporing, and non-acid-fast bacteria belonging to the family Enterobacteriaceae. They cause an infectious disease called Shigellosis. There are four species or serogroups based on biochemical and …
Introduction of Citrobacter koseri Citrobacter koseri is previously known as Citrobacter diversus. It is a facultative anaerobe of 1.0 × 2.0–6.0 μm in size, motile, non-capsulated, and gram-negative bacillus of the family Enterobacteriaceae. Citrobacter koseri acts as etiological agents of various pathological conditions like urinary tract infections (UTIs), …
Introduction Salmonella Paratyphi (serovar) belongs to Enterobacteriaceae and thus is a Gram-negative bacterium causing mild gastroenteritis to a life-threatening bloodstream infection. It causes paratyphoid fever and it is restricted to humans. Proper sanitation and hygiene may decrease its infection chance. Travelers must be cautious during …