and Keynotes Archives - Page 31 of 39

Auramine-Phenol Fluorochrome Staining: Introduction, Principle, Test Requirements, Test Procedure, Result- Interpretation, Limitations, and Keynotes

March 4, 2023February 20, 2023 by Medical Lab Notes

Acid fast bacilli (AFB) of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Auramine-phenol fluorochrome Staining

Introduction of Auramine-Phenol stain Auramine-Phenol is a fluorochrome stain used to visualize acid-fast structures of various microorganisms, especially Mycobacterium tuberculosis and in modified form for Mycobacterium leprae, Nocardia species, Cryptosporidium parvum, Cyclospora cayetanensis , Isospora belli, and fungal spores. Ziehl-Neelsen (hot), and Kinyoun (cold) are still widely used methods to detect acid-fast structures …

Cryptosporidium: Introduction, Classification, Morphology, Pathogenicity Lab Diagnosis, Treatment, Prevention, and Keynotes

March 4, 2023February 20, 2023 by Medical Lab Notes

Oocyst of cryptosporidium parvum in Modified Kinyoun's acid-fast stain of stool microscopy

Introduction of Cryptosporidium Cryptosporidium is a coccidian parasite that causes diarrhea called Cryptosporidiosis. It was discovered by medical parasitologist, Ernest Edward in 1907. Human infection caused by Cryptosporidium parvum was seen in 1976. The clinically important species of this genus are C. parvum, C. mammals, …

Biochemistry Tests: Introduction, Group of Tests, Description, and Keynotes

March 4, 2023February 19, 2023 by Medical Lab Notes

Introduction of Biochemistry Tests Biochemistry Tests are the most common clinical laboratory tests used by clinicians to diagnose the pathological conditions of patients. For example, some tests and their clinical significances are as follows- Group of Biochemistry Tests This grouping system has been brought into …

Haemophilus Serotyping: Introduction, Principle, Test Requirements, Test Procedure, Result-Interpretation, Limitations, and Keynotes

March 4, 2023February 19, 2023 by Medical Lab Notes

Use of bacitracin 10 U on chocolate agar for screening Haemophilus of sputum culture

Introduction of Haemophilus Serotyping Haemophilus Serotyping helps to differentiate serotypes of Haemophilus influenzae. Serotypes refer to separate groups within a species of microorganisms that all share a similar property. More specifically, each serotype has the same number of antigens on its surfaces. For example, encapsulated strains of Haemophilus influenzae may …

Shigella Serotyping: Introduction, Principle, Test Requirements, Test Procedure, Result-Interpretation, and Keynotes

March 4, 2023February 17, 2023 by Medical Lab Notes

Shigella polyvalent A, B and C2 for Shigella dysenteriae, Shigella flexneri, and Shigella boydii

Introduction of Shigella Serotyping Shigella Serotyping helps to differentiate serotypes of Shigella. Serotypes refer to separate groups within a species of microorganisms that all share a similar property. More specifically, each serotype has the same number of antigens on its surfaces. For example, Shigella flexneri serotype 1, 2, 2a, S. sonnei, and S. …

ABO and Rh Typing: Introduction, Principle, Test Requirements, Procedure, Result-Interpretation, Applications, and Keynotes

March 4, 2023February 15, 2023 by Medical Lab Notes

Introduction of ABO and Rh Typing ABO blood grouping and Rh typing are the most common blood group systems. There are nearly 300 blood group systems so far discovered. Other than ABO and Rh are MNS, Lutheran, Kell, Duffy, etc. Karl Landsteiner discovered ABO ( …

Antinuclear Antibody (ANA)Test: Introduction, Principle, Procedure, Result Interpretation, Clinical Significance, and Keynotes

March 4, 2023February 15, 2023 by Medical Lab Notes

Introduction of Antinuclear Antibody (ANA)Test The antinuclear antibody (ANA)test is a type of blood test in which serum tested for autoantibodies ( SLE) directed against native deoxyribonucleic acid and other nuclear constituents are produced. It involves a variety of tissues and is associated with a wide range …

Therapeutic Drugs: Introduction, List of Drugs, and Keynotes

March 4, 2023February 15, 2023 by Medical Lab Notes

Introduction of Therapeutic Drugs Therapeutic drugs are those drugs that are applicable in some critical clinical conditions such as digoxin (to treat various heart conditions) and phenytoin (an anti-seizure medication). Therapeutic Drug monitoring (TDM) is essential for those drugs since it is the clinical practice …