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Introduction of CLED Agar CLED stands for cysteine, lactose, and electrolyte-deficient. CLED agar or medium is a differential culture medium used for the isolation and enumeration of bacteria in urine specimens from suspected cases of urinary tract infection (UTI). It favors the growth of all …
Introduction of Lowenstein-Jensen (LJ) Medium Lowenstein-Jensen (LJ) Medium is named after the surnames of Austrian pathologist Ernst Lowenstein (1878–1950) and the Danish chemist Kai Arne Jensen (1908–1992). The etiological agent of tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It requires aerobic conditions and a protein-enriched medium for culture. The short …
Phenylalanine Deaminase (PDA) Test PDA stands for phenylalanine deaminase and PDA tests positive and negative are as shown below footage. It is used in the differentiation of gram-negative enteric bacilli based on the ability of the microorganisms to produce phenyl pyruvic acid by oxidative deamination. The deamination of …
Introduction of Hospitals in Kathmandu Kathmandu is made up of three districts and they are Kathmandu, Lalitpur, and Bhaktapur, together with expanding an area of 899 square kilometers. It is the largest and busiest city in Nepal and thus has numerous reputed health care and …
Introduction Cholera is an infectious disease that is caused by the Gram-negative bacterium, Vibrio cholerae. It is responsible for severe watery diarrhea, which can lead to dehydration and even death if untreated. Cholera occurs due to eating food or drinking water contaminated V. cholerae. 13 …
Introduction of Health Laboratory Establishment and Operation As we know, ‘Laboratory Diagnosis’ is the third eye of doctors/clinicians that confirms the cause of pathology/ disease. It highlights the importance of Health Laboratory Establishment and Operation for better service. Here, we discuss in brief the national …
Introduction of Gene Sequencing Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) sequencing is the process of finding out the nucleic acid sequence – the order of nucleotides in DNA. It includes any method or technology (Sanger/Next-generation sequencing) that is used to find out the order of the four bases …
Introduction of Microbiology and Serology Laboratory Here we are discussing not general microbiology but medical/clinical microbiology it is a discipline that encloses a wide range of testing methodologies, and it is complex in terms of organisms (bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasites) and methods used to isolate …