Counterimmunoelectrophoresis (CIE): Introduction, Application, and Keynotes

The schematic diagram of countermmunoelectrophoresis (CIE)

Introduction Counterimmunoelectrophoresis is a rapid diagnostic technique in modern immunology laboratories and enhances timely results. Primarily, it separates antigens and antibodies using an electric field for accelerated reactions with precision. Additionally, this method improves immunological assays’ detection speed and remarkably reduces waiting times. Subsequently, it …

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Immunofixation electrophoresis (IFE) Test-Introduction, Test Result, Unit, Reference Range, Test Methods, Clinical Significance, and Keynotes

Introduction Immunofixation electrophoresis (IFE) is a laboratory technique used primarily in the diagnosis and monitoring of certain blood disorders, particularly those involving abnormal or excessive production of proteins by the immune system. Here’s a brief introduction: This test is a sophisticated tool in the field …

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Haptoglobin Test-Introduction, Test Result, Unit, Reference Range, Test Methods, Clinical Significance, and Keynotes

Introduction Haptoglobin is an acute-phase protein synthesized primarily in the liver. Its main physiological function is to bind free hemoglobin (Hb) released from erythrocytes, forming a stable haptoglobin-hemoglobin complex. This prevents the loss of iron and potential kidney damage that could result from hemoglobin passing …

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Serum Protein Electrophoresis: Introduction, Pattern, Application, and Keynotes

Serum Protein Electrophoresis

Introduction Serum protein electrophoresis (SPEP) is a laboratory test used to separate and analyze the proteins present in a person’s blood serum. It is a common diagnostic tool in clinical medicine and helps in the evaluation and diagnosis of various conditions, particularly those affecting the …

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