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Introduction of TPHA and VDRL Tests Doctors use the TPHA (Treponema pallidum Hemagglutination Assay) test to detect antibodies against Treponema pallidum. Since syphilis remains a significant global health concern, early diagnosis is crucial. This test identifies treponemal antibodies in serum or plasma. Because it detects …
Introduction The Rheumatoid Factor (RF) test is a medical diagnostic test used to detect the presence of an antibody called rheumatoid factor in the blood. This antibody is commonly found in the blood of individuals who have rheumatoid arthritis (RA), an autoimmune disorder that primarily …
Introduction Pleural fluid culture and sensitivity is a diagnostic test used to identify and determine the antibiotic susceptibility of microorganisms present in the pleural fluid. The pleural fluid is a clear fluid that accumulates between the two layers of the pleura, the membrane that surrounds …
Introduction The Urine Microalbumin Test is a diagnostic test that measures the levels of microalbumin in urine. It is primarily used to assess kidney function and detect early signs of kidney damage, particularly in individuals with conditions such as diabetes, hypertension, or other conditions that …
Introduction CA19-9, also known as carbohydrate antigen 19-9, is a tumor marker commonly used in clinical practice. It is a type of glycoprotein, specifically a mucin-like antigen, that is produced by various types of cells, including epithelial cells lining the gastrointestinal tract, gallbladder, and pancreatic …
Introduction Serum protein electrophoresis (SPEP) is a laboratory test used to separate and analyze the proteins present in a person’s blood serum. It is a common diagnostic tool in clinical medicine and helps in the evaluation and diagnosis of various conditions, particularly those affecting the …