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Introduction Cancer is a complex and diverse group of diseases characterized by the uncontrolled growth and spread of abnormal cells in the body. It can affect virtually any organ or tissue, and if left untreated, it can be life-threatening. Normal cells in the body grow, …
Introduction Blood pressure (BP) is the force exerted by circulating blood against the walls of the blood vessels. It is an essential physiological parameter that reflects the pressure within the arterial system as the heart pumps blood throughout the body. BP is expressed as two …
Introduction Yersinia is a genus of bacteria that includes several species, some of which are pathogenic to humans. The most well-known species within this genus are Yersinia pestis, the causative agent of the bubonic and pneumonic plague, and Y. enterocolitica, a cause of gastrointestinal infections. …
Introduction of Giardia Giardia is a genus of parasitic protozoa that can infect the small intestine of mammals, including humans. The species that infects humans is called Giardia lamblia or Giardia intestinalis. It is one of the most common causes of waterborne disease in the …
Introduction of Enterobius Enterobius is a genus of parasitic worms, commonly known as pinworms, which infect the human gastrointestinal tract. The most common species of Enterobius that infects humans is Enterobius vermicularis, also known as the human pinworm. These worms are usually found in the …
Introduction Raoultella is a genus of gram-negative, non-motile, aerobic bacteria belonging to the Enterobacteriaceae family. The genus was named after Dr. Didier Raoult, a French microbiologist who made significant contributions to the study of Rickettsia. It was first described in 2001 as a distinct genus …
Introduction Pantoea is a genus of gram-negative bacteria that belong to the family Enterobacteriaceae. These bacteria are commonly found in soil, water, and plant surfaces, and some species are known to be associated with plants, animals, and humans as opportunistic pathogens. There are several species …
Introduction of Pneumocystis It is thought to be a protozoan, usually found in animals and occasionally in men, especially in newborns and young children. It causes typical pneumonia ( interstitial plasma cellular pneumonia) which is often fatal. The parasites appear as small round ‘ cysts’ …