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Voges-Proskauer (VP ) Test Voges Proskauer test for identification to the species level of the following groups of organisms Principle of Voges Proskauer Test Organisms utilizing the butylene glycol pathway produce acetylmethylcarbinol (acetoin) and butanediol, neutral end products that raise the pH towards neutrality (pH …
Introduction of Methyl Red Test The Methyl Red test is for enteric gram-negative rods, as part of identification to species level. Its short name is MR test. Principle of Methyl Red Test The methyl red (MR) test uses to determine if an organism is able …
Introduction of Escherichia hermanii Escherichia hermannii is a gram-negative rod. This bacterium belongs to the family of Enterobacteriaceae. It was first described in 1982. It had been previously known as enteric group 11 of Escherichia coli but was later reclassified as a distinct species in …
Introduction of Vibrio cholerae Serotyping Vibrio Serotyping helps to differentiate serotypes of Vibrio. Serotypes refer to separate groups within a species of microorganisms that all share a similar property. More specifically, each serotype has the same number of antigens on its surfaces. For example, V.cholerae O1 serovar Inaba, V. cholerae O1 serovar …
Introduction of Haemophilus Serotyping Haemophilus Serotyping helps to differentiate serotypes of Haemophilus influenzae. Serotypes refer to separate groups within a species of microorganisms that all share a similar property. More specifically, each serotype has the same number of antigens on its surfaces. For example, encapsulated strains of Haemophilus influenzae may …
Introduction of Shigella Serotyping Shigella Serotyping helps to differentiate serotypes of Shigella. Serotypes refer to separate groups within a species of microorganisms that all share a similar property. More specifically, each serotype has the same number of antigens on its surfaces. For example, Shigella flexneri serotype 1, 2, 2a, S. sonnei, and S. …
Introduction of Widal Test The Widal test is an agglutination test employed in the serological diagnosis of enteric fever. It is also applicable in febrile agglutinin tests. The test is named after Georges Fernand Isidore Widal, a French physician and bacteriologist. Salmonella antibody starts appearing in the …
Patient History of Urinary Tract Infection Caused by Kluyvera An 80- year- old man with painful urination was requested for testing Urine Routine Examination (R/E), Complete Blood Cell (CBC) count, Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), Prostate-specific antigen (PSA), Liver function test (LFT), Renal function test (RFT), …