GNB Archives - Page 14 of 31

Haemophilus Serotyping: Introduction, Principle, Test Requirements, Test Procedure, Result-Interpretation, Limitations, and Keynotes

March 4, 2023February 19, 2023 by Medical Lab Notes

Use of bacitracin 10 U on chocolate agar for screening Haemophilus of sputum culture

Introduction of Haemophilus Serotyping Haemophilus Serotyping helps to differentiate serotypes of Haemophilus influenzae. Serotypes refer to separate groups within a species of microorganisms that all share a similar property. More specifically, each serotype has the same number of antigens on its surfaces. For example, encapsulated strains of Haemophilus influenzae may …

Shigella Serotyping: Introduction, Principle, Test Requirements, Test Procedure, Result-Interpretation, and Keynotes

March 4, 2023February 17, 2023 by Medical Lab Notes

Shigella polyvalent A, B and C2 for Shigella dysenteriae, Shigella flexneri, and Shigella boydii

Introduction of Shigella Serotyping Shigella Serotyping helps to differentiate serotypes of Shigella. Serotypes refer to separate groups within a species of microorganisms that all share a similar property. More specifically, each serotype has the same number of antigens on its surfaces. For example, Shigella flexneri serotype 1, 2, 2a, S. sonnei, and S. …

Widal Test: Introduction, Principle, Test Requirement, Procedure, Result- Interpretation, and Limitations

March 4, 2023February 16, 2023 by Medical Lab Notes

Introduction of Widal Test The Widal test is an agglutination test employed in the serological diagnosis of enteric fever. It is also applicable in febrile agglutinin tests. The test is named after Georges Fernand Isidore Widal, a French physician and bacteriologist. Salmonella antibody starts appearing in the …

Urinary Tract Infection Caused by Kluyvera intermedia: Patient History, Introduction of Pathogen, Lab Diagnosis, AST Pattern, and Keynotes

February 17, 2023February 6, 2023 by Medical Lab Notes

Gram Negative Rods of Kluyvera intermedia in Gram Staining of Culture

Patient History of Urinary Tract Infection Caused by Kluyvera An 80- year- old man with painful urination was requested for testing Urine Routine Examination (R/E), Complete Blood Cell (CBC) count, Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), Prostate-specific antigen (PSA), Liver function test (LFT), Renal function test (RFT), …

Decarboxylase Test: Introduction, Principle, Test Requirements, Procedure, Result-Interpretation, Limitations, and Keynotes

February 17, 2023February 2, 2023 by Medical Lab Notes

Decarboxylase Test-Positive and Negative Results Demonstration

Principle of Decarboxylase-Dihydrolase Test Lysine, ornithine, and arginine are the most common amino acids which use to detect an organism’s ability to decarboxylate or hydrolyze an amino acid in a decarboxylase medium, forming an amine that produces an alkaline pH. The basal medium for the …

Methyl-α-D-glucopyranoside (MGP) Test: Introduction, Principle, Test Requirements, Procedure, Result-Interpretation, Limitations, and Keynotes

February 17, 2023February 2, 2023 by Medical Lab Notes

Methyl-α-D-glucopyranoside (MGP) Test- Positive and Negative Results Demonstration

Introduction of Methyl-α-D-glucopyranoside (MGP)Test Methyl-α-D-glucopyranoside (MGP) test is effective for species identification of Enterococcus. Enterococcus gallinarum and Enterococcus casseliﬂavus are MGP test positive while Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium are negative. Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium (VREF) is a serious nosocomial problem that is difficult to differentiate from Enterococcus gallinarum and Enterococcus casseliﬂavus, while not important for purposes of control of …

Indoxyl Acetate Disk Test: Introduction, Principle, Test Requirements, Procedure, Result-Interpretation, Limitations, and Keynotes

February 17, 2023February 2, 2023 by Medical Lab Notes

Indoxyl Acetate Disk Test-Positive and Negative Results

Introduction of Indoxyl Acetate Disk Test Indoxyl is a tryptophan product of putrefactive decomposition in the intestines of humans by a bacterial esterase. This Indoxyl Acetate Disk test uses to distinguish Campylobacter species. Positive tests are Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli whereas Campylobacter lari and Campylobacter fetus are negative. Principle of Indoxyl Acetate Disk Assay The …

LAP (Leucine Aminopeptidase) Test: Introduction, Principle, Test Requirements, Procedure, Result -Interpretation, and Limitations

February 17, 2023January 31, 2023 by Medical Lab Notes

LAP (Leucine Aminopeptidase) Test-Positive and Negative Bacteria

Introduction of LAP (Leucine Aminopeptidase) Test LAP stands for leucine aminopeptidase which is an enzyme useful for deﬁnitive identiﬁcation of catalase-negative, gram-positive cocci of Aerococcus and Leuconostoc (LAP test negative) from other organisms in the group like Streptococcus, Enterococcus, Lactococcus, and Pediococcus (almost always positive). Principle of LAP test Hydrolysis of the leucine-pnaphthylamide substrate by …