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Introduction TB PCR (polymerase chain reaction) for sputum is a laboratory test used in the diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB). It is a molecular diagnostic technique that detects the presence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (the bacterium that causes TB) DNA in sputum samples. Traditional methods of diagnosing …
Introduction SARS-CoV-2, also known as the novel coronavirus, is the virus responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic. The SARS-CoV-2 Total Antibody assay is a laboratory test designed to detect and measure the presence of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in a person’s blood sample. When a person is …
Introduction Tacrolimus, also known by its trade name Prograf, is an immunosuppressive medication commonly used in organ transplantation and the treatment of certain autoimmune disorders. It belongs to a class of drugs called calcineurin inhibitors. It works by inhibiting the activity of calcineurin, a protein …
Introduction CA19-9, also known as carbohydrate antigen 19-9, is a tumor marker commonly used in clinical practice. It is a type of glycoprotein, specifically a mucin-like antigen, that is produced by various types of cells, including epithelial cells lining the gastrointestinal tract, gallbladder, and pancreatic …
Introduction A Tacrolimus test is a medical test that measures the level of Tacrolimus in the blood. Tacrolimus is a medication that is commonly used in organ transplantation to prevent rejection of the transplanted organ. It belongs to a class of drugs known as immunosuppressants. …
Introduction of ESR The ESR stands for erythrocyte sedimentation rate. It is the rate at which erythrocyte sediment and the ESR test is a nonspecific assay that only confirms the presence or absence of inflammatory activity in the body like infection, cancer, or an autoimmune …
Introduction of Antinuclear Antibody (ANA)Test The antinuclear antibody (ANA)test is a type of blood test in which serum tested for autoantibodies ( SLE) directed against native deoxyribonucleic acid and other nuclear constituents are produced. It involves a variety of tissues and is associated with a wide range …
Introduction of HbA1C Test HbA1c refers to glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) which shows average plasma glucose concentration. It develops when hemoglobin, a protein within red blood cells (RBCs) that carries oxygen throughout the body, attaches to glucose in the blood, becoming ‘glycated’. By testing HbA1c, clinicians …