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Introduction A chloride blood test measures chloride levels in your bloodstream. However, it also helps assess your body’s water and electrolyte balance. Doctors typically request it alongside sodium or potassium tests. Moreover, a normal chloride range supports proper fluid distribution and acid-base equilibrium. In addition, …
Introduction Entamoeba histolytica is a protozoan parasite responsible for amoebic dysentery and amoebiasis. It primarily infects the intestinal tract, causing symptoms like diarrhea, abdominal pain, and sometimes liver abscesses. The parasite has two forms: the infectious cyst and the trophozoite, which causes tissue damage. E. …
Introduction The D-Dimer test measures a substance released when a blood clot breaks up. It helps diagnose clotting disorders. Doctors often order this test to rule out conditions like deep vein thrombosis. It is also useful for diagnosing pulmonary embolism. A high D-Dimer level indicates …
Introduction Extra-pulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) affects areas outside the lungs. It impacts the lymph nodes, pleura, and bones. Patients often experience varied symptoms, depending on the affected site. Lymph node TB causes swelling, while bone TB results in pain. Pleural TB leads to chest pain and …
Introduction of India Ink preparation Cryptococcus neoformans is an encapsulated yeast that causes cryptococcal meningitis, particularly in immunocompromised individuals. The capsule is a critical virulence factor, and its visualization is essential for diagnosis. This preparation is a common method used to visualize the capsule. Here, …
Introduction Cedecea davisae is a rare, opportunistic pathogen in the Enterobacteriaceae family. It was first isolated from a human wound. This bacterium can cause infections in immunocompromised individuals. It exhibits resistance to several antibiotics. It is often misidentified due to its rarity. However, proper laboratory …
Introduction Candidiasis is an infection caused by Candida fungi, commonly Candida albicans. These fungi naturally live on the skin and inside the body, like in the mouth, throat, gut, and vagina, without causing problems. However, if the environment inside the body changes or the immune …
Introduction The Neuron-Specific Enolase (NSE) Blood Test is a medical diagnostic test used to measure the level of neuron-specific enolase, an enzyme found in neurons, in a patient’s blood. This test is valuable in various clinical settings, particularly in neurology and oncology, and it provides …