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Introduction of Pneumocystis It is thought to be a protozoan, usually found in animals and occasionally in men, especially in newborns and young children. It causes typical pneumonia ( interstitial plasma cellular pneumonia) which is often fatal. The parasites appear as small round ‘ cysts’ …
Introduction of Cryptosporidium Cryptosporidium is a coccidian parasite that causes diarrhea called Cryptosporidiosis. It was discovered by medical parasitologist, Ernest Edward in 1907. Human infection caused by Cryptosporidium parvum was seen in 1976. The clinically important species of this genus are C. parvum, C. mammals, …
Introduction of Aspergillus The genus Aspergillus has more than 180 species, among them, 38 are responsible to cause disease (able to grow at 37◦C. They are common in the environment. Aspergillus species are emerging pathogens which are ubiquitous molds that infect immunocompetent ( rarely) and immunocompromised …
Introduction of SARS-CoV-2 SARS-CoV-2 is a positive-sense single-stranded RNA virus that causes coronavirus disease 2019 ( COVID -19). SARS-CoV-2 stands for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) characterized COVID-19 as a pandemic. On March 11, 2020, …
Introduction Dengue is a mosquito (Aedes aegypti)-borne viral disease. It is a major health threat in the tropical and sub-tropical territories of the world, particularly in urban and semi-urban areas. Approximately 50-100 million individuals have been infected with this fever annually (WHO data) and more …
Introduction Cholera is an infectious disease that is caused by the Gram-negative bacterium, Vibrio cholerae. It is responsible for severe watery diarrhea, which can lead to dehydration and even death if untreated. Cholera occurs due to eating food or drinking water contaminated V. cholerae. 13 …