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Introduction of Shigella flexneri Shigella are Gram-negative bacilli measuring about 1-3 µm X 0.5 µm. They are non-motile, non-encapsulated, non-sporing, and non-acid-fast bacteria belonging to the family Enterobacteriaceae. They cause an infectious disease called Shigellosis. There are four species or serogroups based on biochemical and …
Introduction of Citrobacter koseri Citrobacter koseri is previously known as Citrobacter diversus. It is a facultative anaerobe of 1.0 × 2.0–6.0 μm in size, motile, non-capsulated, and gram-negative bacillus of the family Enterobacteriaceae. Citrobacter koseri acts as etiological agents of various pathological conditions like urinary tract infections (UTIs), …
Introduction Salmonella Paratyphi (serovar) belongs to Enterobacteriaceae and thus is a Gram-negative bacterium causing mild gastroenteritis to a life-threatening bloodstream infection. It causes paratyphoid fever and it is restricted to humans. Proper sanitation and hygiene may decrease its infection chance. Travelers must be cautious during …
The genus Proteus was discovered in 1885 by Hauser and it is also named after a Greek god. Proteus is a member of the family, Enterobacteriaceae and it is a Gram-negative, oxidase-negative, fimbriated, motile, non-sporing rod-shaped bacterium without capsule and having a size of 0.4–0.8 μm in diameter and …
Indole Production test This indole test is useful to identify the bacteria on the basis of indole production. The list of indole-positive organisms is- Principle of Indole test The ability of an organism to split Indole from the amino acid tryptophan is due to the presence of …
Introduction of Staphylococcus aureus Scientific classification of Staphylococcus aureus is given as: Domain Bacteria Phylum Firmicutes Class Bacilli Order Bacillales Family Staphylococceae Genus Staphylococcus Species aureus Table: Biological Classification of Staphylococcus aureus Staphyle means bunch and Kokko mean berry. Staphylococcus aureus was isolated by Pasteur (1880) from a pus sample. …
Introduction of Lowenstein-Jensen (LJ) Medium Lowenstein-Jensen (LJ) Medium is named after the surnames of Austrian pathologist Ernst Lowenstein (1878–1950) and the Danish chemist Kai Arne Jensen (1908–1992). The etiological agent of tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It requires aerobic conditions and a protein-enriched medium for culture. The short …
Phenylalanine Deaminase (PDA) Test PDA stands for phenylalanine deaminase and PDA tests positive and negative are as shown below footage. It is used in the differentiation of gram-negative enteric bacilli based on the ability of the microorganisms to produce phenyl pyruvic acid by oxidative deamination. The deamination of …