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Introduction Pancreatic cancer is a highly aggressive malignancy arising from the exocrine or endocrine pancreas, most commonly from the pancreatic ductal epithelium. It is associated with a poor prognosis due to late presentation and early metastasis. Types of Pancreatic Cancer Pathogenesis Laboratory Diagnosis Treatment Prevention …
Introduction Stomach cancer, also known as gastric cancer, is a malignant tumor arising from the gastric mucosa. It remains a major global health problem, particularly in East Asia and developing countries. Most cases are diagnosed at an advanced stage due to nonspecific early symptoms. Types …
Introduction Soft tissue sarcomas are a heterogeneous group of malignant tumors arising from mesenchymal tissues such as muscle, fat, fibrous tissue, blood vessels, and peripheral nerves. They are rare but aggressive cancers that can occur at any age and in any anatomical location, most commonly …
Introduction Cervical cancer is a malignant neoplasm of the cervix, most commonly arising from the transformation zone of the cervix. It is one of the leading causes of cancer-related morbidity and mortality among women, especially in low- and middle-income countries. Persistent infection with high-risk Human …
Introduction Lung cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide. It arises from the epithelial cells of the bronchial tree or alveoli and is strongly associated with tobacco smoking, although non-smokers may also be affected due to environmental and occupational exposures. Late …
Introduction Liver cancer is a major global health problem and ranks among the leading causes of cancer-related mortality worldwide. It primarily arises from hepatocytes or bile duct epithelial cells and is frequently associated with chronic liver disease and cirrhosis. The most common form is primary …
Introduction Breast cancer is the most common malignancy among women worldwide and a leading cause of cancer-related mortality. It arises from the epithelial cells of the breast, most commonly from the ducts or lobules. Although predominantly affecting women, breast cancer can also occur in men. …
Introduction Urate crystals, also referred to as uric acid crystals, are metabolic by-products of purine metabolism found in urine. They are frequently observed during urine microscopy, especially in patients with altered pH, dehydration, or metabolic disorders. Their presence can be physiological in concentrated urine or …