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Introduction Accurate identification of fungi is critical for clinical, environmental, and epidemiological purposes. Traditional culture and morphology-based methods are time-consuming and may misidentify cryptic or closely related species. PCR amplification followed by Sanger sequencing of conserved genetic loci (e.g., ITS, 18S rRNA, 28S rRNA, β-tubulin, …
Introduction Yeasts, especially Candida species, are among the most important causes of opportunistic fungal infections in humans. Accurate and rapid identification is crucial for guiding antifungal therapy and improving patient outcomes. Traditional phenotypic methods are time-consuming and often misidentify cryptic species. Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time-of-Flight …
Introduction Accurate and timely identification of molds is essential for clinical microbiology, especially in cases of invasive fungal infections caused by Aspergillus, Fusarium, Scedosporium, Mucorales, and other filamentous fungi. Traditional methods based on morphology and phenotypic characteristics are slow, require expertise, and may misidentify cryptic …
Introduction Immunoturbidimetry is an analytical immunoassay method that is used to measure the concentration of specific proteins (antigens) in a sample. It is widely utilized in clinical laboratories for routine diagnostics, such as measuring levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), albumin, and immunoglobulins. It’s a rapid, …
Introduction The flow cytometry technique analyzes cells and particles in a fluid suspension. Since it provides rapid and precise results, it is widely used in research and diagnostics. A laser-based system detects fluorescence signals from labeled cells. Because fluorescence markers bind to specific cell components, …
Introduction A spectrophotometer is a scientific instrument used to measure how different substances absorb or transmit light at various wavelengths. It is a valuable tool in chemistry, biology, physics, and various other scientific disciplines. Spectrophotometry allows researchers to quantitatively analyze the concentration of a solute …
Introduction of Radioimmunoassay (RIA) Radioimmunoassay (RIA) is a highly sensitive and specific laboratory technique used to measure the concentration of various substances, typically hormones, drugs, or specific proteins, in biological samples such as blood, urine, or tissue extracts. RIA combines principles from both radiochemistry and …
Introduction Nephelometry is a scientific technique used to measure the scattering of light by particles suspended in a liquid or gas medium. It is an essential tool in various fields, including chemistry, environmental science, and medical diagnostics. The term “nephelometry” is derived from the Greek …