Aminoglycosides Archives

Acinetobacter ursingii: Introduction, Morphology, Pathogenicity, Lab Diagnosis, Treatment, Prevention, and Keynote

September 12, 2025 by Medical Lab Notes

Introduction Acinetobacter ursingii is a Gram-negative, non-fermentative, opportunistic bacterium belonging to the genus Acinetobacter. It is an uncommon species compared to Acinetobacter baumannii, but it has been increasingly recognized in healthcare-associated infections (HAIs). Reported cases include bacteremia, septicemia, pneumonia, urinary tract infections, and bloodstream infections, …

Citrobacter werkmanii-Introduction, Morphology, Pathogenicity, Lab Diagnosis, Treatment, Prevention, and Keynote

December 18, 2024 by Medical Lab Notes

Lactose fermenting colony of Citrobacter werkmanii

Introduction Citrobacter werkmanii is a gram-negative bacterium belonging to the genus Citrobacter. It is commonly found in the environment, including soil, water, and sewage. This bacterium is part of the normal flora of the human intestinal tract but can act as an opportunistic pathogen. C. …

Proteus penneri– Introduction, Morphology, Pathogenicity, Lab Diagnosis, Treatment, Prevention, and Keynote

September 7, 2024 by Medical Lab Notes

Introduction Proteus penneri is a Gram-negative bacterium found in various environments, including water and soil. It belongs to the family Enterobacteriaceae, sharing characteristics with other Proteus species. However, it differs from its relatives, like Proteus mirabilis, in its biochemical properties. This species can cause infections …

ESBL (Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase)- Introduction, List of Bacteria, Pathogenicity, Symptoms, Lab Diagnosis, Treatment, Prevention, and Keynotes

October 17, 2023 by Medical Lab Notes

Introduction Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL) is a term that encompasses a group of enzymes produced by certain bacteria. These enzymes impart resistance to a wide range of beta-lactam antibiotics, which are frequently used in clinical medicine. Here’s an introduction to ESBL: Origin and Mechanism: Clinical …

Metallo-beta-lactamases (MBLs)- Introduction, List of Bacteria, Pathogenicity, Symptoms, Lab Diagnosis, Treatment, Prevention, and Keynotes

October 15, 2023 by Medical Lab Notes

Introduction of Metallo-beta-lactamases (MBLs) Metallo-beta-lactamases (MBLs) are a group of enzymes produced by certain bacteria that impart resistance to a wide range of beta-lactam antibiotics. These enzymes play a crucial role in the global health challenge posed by antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections. Origin and Mechanism: Clinical …

K. oxytoca-Introduction, Morphology, Pathogenicity, Lab Diagnosis, Treatment, Prevention, and Keynotes

September 27, 2023 by Medical Lab Notes

Introduction Klebsiella oxytoca, often abbreviated as K. oxytoca, is a species of gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium belonging to the Enterobacteriaceae family. This bacterium is closely related to Klebsiella pneumoniae, another well-known member of the same genus. It is a versatile microorganism that can be found in …