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Introduction of ABO and Rh Typing ABO blood grouping and Rh typing are the most common blood group systems. There are nearly 300 blood group systems so far discovered. Other than ABO and Rh are MNS, Lutheran, Kell, Duffy, etc. Karl Landsteiner discovered ABO ( …
Introduction of Antinuclear Antibody (ANA)Test The antinuclear antibody (ANA)test is a type of blood test in which serum tested for autoantibodies ( SLE) directed against native deoxyribonucleic acid and other nuclear constituents are produced. It involves a variety of tissues and is associated with a wide range …
Introduction of Therapeutic Drugs Therapeutic drugs are those drugs that are applicable in some critical clinical conditions such as digoxin (to treat various heart conditions) and phenytoin (an anti-seizure medication). Therapeutic Drug monitoring (TDM) is essential for those drugs since it is the clinical practice …
Introduction Anti -TPO test is an autoantibody assay that is against thyroperoxidase (TPO) (antigen). TPO is an enzyme present in thyroid hormone formation, catalyzing the oxidation of iodide on tyrosine residues in thyroglobulin for the synthesis of triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (tetraiodothyronine -T4). This enzyme …
Introduction of Lipid Profile Test (LPT) Before discussing the lipid profile test (LPT), it is better to know about lipids. Lipid is the fat and fatty substance that is stored in blood and tissues and it is utilized by the body as a source of …
Introduction of HbA1C Test HbA1c refers to glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) which shows average plasma glucose concentration. It develops when hemoglobin, a protein within red blood cells (RBCs) that carries oxygen throughout the body, attaches to glucose in the blood, becoming ‘glycated’. By testing HbA1c, clinicians …
Introduction of Ferritin Test A serum ferritin test measures the level of ferritin in blood and it is a blood protein that contains iron. It will not be wrong to say that it is an indicator of how much iron the body stores. A low …
Introduction of GeneXpert Test GeneXpert test is a molecular test for tuberculosis diagnosis by detecting the presence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (bacteria), as well as testing for resistance to the drug rifampicin. Principle of GeneXpert Test GeneXpert test is a highly sensitive and specific test for tuberculosis(TB) diagnosis that detects DNA sequences …