ESR Test: Introduction, Test Result, Unit, Test Method, Clinical Significance, and Keynotes

Wintrobe's Method of ESR Test

Introduction of ESR The ESR stands for erythrocyte sedimentation rate. It is the rate at which erythrocyte sediment and the ESR test is a nonspecific assay that only confirms the presence or absence of inflammatory activity in the body like infection, cancer, or an autoimmune …

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Scrub Typhus Antibody Test-Introduction, Principle, Test Requirements, Procedure, Result Interpretation, Test Result, Test Method, Limitations, and Keynotes

Scrub Typhus Antibody Test-Negative and Positive Results

Introduction of Scrub Typhus  Scrub typhus and typhoid are quite different but common thing is that both cover fever. Scrub typhus also known as bush typhus, is a disease caused by the intracellular parasite, Orientia ( formerly Rickettsia)  tsutsugamushi and typhoid by Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi. Both causative agents are bacteria. Scrub …

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Protein Creatinine Ration (PCR) Test of Urine-Test Result, Unit, Normal Range ,Testing Methods, and Keynotes

Protein Creatinine Ration (PCR) Test of Urine-Test Result, Unit, Normal Range and Testing Methods

Introduction of Protein Creatinine Ratio (PCR) A urine protein creatinine ratio (PCR) test gives information regarding the kidneys working status. It measures the levels of proteins and creatinine in urine. This urine test helps clinicians to diagnose kidney disease and monitor conditions that can damage …

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Coomb Test: Introduction, Types, Principle, Test Requirements, Test Procedure, Result and Interpretation, and Clinical Significance

Coomb Test Reagents-Anti- D serum and Anti-human globulin (AHG) or Coomb’s reagent

Introduction of Coomb Test Direct Coomb Test (DCT) is a type of Coomb test also called the anti-globulin test. It is of two types-Direct Coomb’s test (DCT) and the Indirect Coomb’s test (ICT). DCT uses to detect sensitized red blood cells (RBCs) while ICT detects …

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Indirect Coomb Test (ICT): Introduction, Principle, Test Requirements, Test Procedure, Result and Interpretation, and Clinical Significance

Indirect Coomb Test Observation

Introduction of  Indirect Coomb Test (ICT) The indirect Coomb Test is a type of Coomb’s test also called the anti-globulin test. It is of two types-Direct Coomb’s test (DCT) and the Indirect Coomb’s test (ICT). DCT uses to detect sensitized red blood cells (RBCs) while …

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Direct Coomb Test (DCT): Introduction, Principle, Test Requirements, Test Procedure, Result and Interpretation, and Clinical Significance

Direct Coomb Test (DCT) Observation

Introduction of Direct Coomb Test (DCT) Direct Coomb Test (DCT) is a type of Coomb test also called the anti-globulin test. It is of two types-Direct Coomb’s test (DCT) and the Indirect Coomb’s test (ICT). DCT uses to detect sensitized red blood cells (RBCs) while …

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MR-VP Test: Introduction, Principle, Test Requirement, Procedure, Result- Interpretation, and Keynotes

Result and Interpretation of Voges Proskauer Test

Introduction of MR-VP Test MR-VP test stands for Methyl Red –Voges Proskauer Test. MR-VP test will be discussed in two tests separately. One is for Methyl Red (MR) test and while other is for Voges Proskauer (VP)test. Introduction of Methyl Red Test The Methyl Red test is …

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Voges Proskauer Test: Introduction, Principle, Test Requirements, Test Procedure, Result-Interpretation, Positive and Negative Bacteria, and Limitations

Voges Proskauer Test Reagents, Negative and Positive Test Results of VP Tests

Voges-Proskauer (VP ) Test Voges Proskauer  test for identification to the species level of the following groups of organisms Principle of Voges Proskauer Test Organisms utilizing the butylene glycol pathway produce acetylmethylcarbinol (acetoin) and butanediol, neutral end products that raise the pH towards neutrality (pH …

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