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Introduction Infection Prevention and Control (IPC) and Healthcare Waste Management (HCWM) are critical systems used to minimize the spread of pathogens, protecting patients, healthcare workers, and the environment. Approximately 15–25% of healthcare waste is considered hazardous, necessitating strict management protocols. IPC is an evidence-based approach …
Introduction Orientia and Rickettsia are two closely related genera of bacteria within the family Rickettsiaceae. Both are small, gram-negative, obligate intracellular pathogens, meaning they can only grow and replicate inside the living cells of their hosts. While they share many clinical features—such as causing fever, …
Introducton The VITEK 2 Yeast AST system is a fully automated solution for the quantitative determination of antifungal susceptibility in clinically significant yeasts, such as Candida species. It provides rapid and accurate results, often in as little as 13 to 24 hours. Name of Card …
Introduction The VITEK 2 Yeast Identification (YST) system is an automated platform designed for the rapid identification of clinically significant yeasts and yeast-like organisms. It significantly reduces the turnaround time from several days (traditional methods) to approximately 15 to 18 hours. Name of the Card …
Introduction The VITEK 2 System is an automated microbiology platform designed for the rapid identification (ID) and antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) of a wide range of microorganisms. It utilizes miniaturized, closed cards that enhance lab safety and streamline workflow. The VITEK 2 cards are lightweight, …
Introduction First-Line Drug Susceptibility Testing (FL-DST or sometimes referred to in context as SL-DST when covering all first-line agents: Rifampicin, Isoniazid, Ethambutol, Pyrazinamide) is a crucial laboratory procedure used to determine if a patient’s Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) strain is sensitive or resistant to primary anti-TB …
Introduction Hantaviruses are a group of rodent-borne viruses that cause two main life-threatening diseases in humans: Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome (HPS) and Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome (HFRS). Unlike many other bunyaviruses, they are not transmitted by insects but primarily through the inhalation of aerosolized rodent …
Introduction Second-line drug susceptibility testing (SL-DST) for tuberculosis is a crucial laboratory procedure designed to detect resistance to anti-TB drugs used when first-line treatment fails (i.e., multidrug-resistant TB – MDR-TB). Principle SL-DST measures the susceptibility of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to specific agents by determining the Critical …