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Introduction Leucine crystals are rare urinary findings that typically appear in patients with severe liver disease, such as advanced cirrhosis, severe hepatitis, or metabolic disorders like maple syrup urine disease. They form in acidic urine and indicate a disturbance in amino acid metabolism. Identification Features …
Introduction Sulfonamide crystals are drug-induced urinary crystals that appear in patients receiving sulfonamide (sulfa) therapy, particularly when urine is acidic, concentrated, or dehydrated. They occur due to precipitation of unmetabolized sulfonamide compounds in urine, especially older drugs like sulfadiazine, which are less soluble in acidic …
Introduction Urate crystals, also referred to as uric acid crystals, are metabolic by-products of purine metabolism found in urine. They are frequently observed during urine microscopy, especially in patients with altered pH, dehydration, or metabolic disorders. Their presence can be physiological in concentrated urine or …
Introduction Ascitic fluid microscopy is a laboratory diagnostic method used to examine peritoneal (ascitic) fluid obtained via paracentesis. It helps in identifying cells, microorganisms, and crystals that provide clues about underlying causes such as infection, malignancy, liver disease, or systemic disorders. Principle The principle of …
Introduction Pleural fluid is the liquid collected from the pleural space between the lung and chest wall. Microscopic examination of pleural fluid plays a key role in identifying the underlying cause of pleural effusion. It helps distinguish between transudates and exudates, detect infectious organisms, malignant …
Introduction Urine microscopy is a laboratory diagnostic method used to examine the microscopic components of urine sediment. It helps detect cells, crystals, casts, microorganisms, and other formed elements. This test is critical in the diagnosis of urinary tract infections (UTIs), renal diseases, systemic disorders, and …
Introduction The genus Candida comprises a diverse group of opportunistic yeasts frequently isolated from human clinical specimens. Among them, Candida albicans remains the most common cause of infections; however, non-albicans Candida species, such as C. tropicalis, C. glabrata, and C. krusei, are increasingly recognized as important pathogens in immunocompromised patients, …
Found in Giemsa staining of BAL. Possible pathogen? Morphological Features (Center) Possible Pathogen Supporting Features for Pneumocystis Recommendations Is it possible to be LD bodies? Based on the Giemsa-stained BAL image: The central violet-stained cluster of intracellular forms could resemble Leishman-Donovan (LD) bodies, especially in …