Aerococcus viridans: Introduction, Morphology, Pathogenicity, Lab Diagnosis, Treatment, Prevention, and Keynotes

Aerococcus viridans in Gram staining of culture

Introduction Aerococcus viridans is a gram-positive coccus that rarely infects humans. It usually inhabits hospital environments. Moreover, it exists in air and water. It causes urinary tract infections, endocarditis, and bacteremia. Additionally, it appears in various clinical specimens. Furthermore, laboratories sometimes misidentify it as viridans …

Read more

Candida albicans-Introduction, Morphology, Pathogenicity, Lab Diagnosis, Treatment, Prevention, and Keynotes

Yeast cells, budding yeasts, and pseudohyphae in KOH mount of sputum microscopic examination

Introduction Candida albicans is a common fungal pathogen in humans. It inhabits mucosal surfaces naturally and colonizes the gastrointestinal tract and genitourinary system frequently. The organism causes infections in both healthy and immunocompromised individuals and adapts quickly to environmental changes within the host. Clinicians report …

Read more

Coccidioides-Antibody Testing: Introduction, Clinical Significance, Test methods, Result-Interpretation, and Additional Information

Coccidioides-Antibody Testing: Introduction, Clinical Significance, Test methods, Result-Interpretation, and Additional Information

Introduction For diagnosing coccidioidomycosis (Valley Fever), AI-assisted Coccidioides antibody testing uses enzyme immunoassays (EIA) and immunodiffusion (ID) or complement fixation (CF) tests to detect antibodies against the fungus Coccidioides immitis.  Clinical Significance Types of Tests Used:  How the Tests Work:  Result-Interpretation AI in Coccidioides Antibody Testing …

Read more

Aspergillus-Antibody Testing-Introduction, Types of Tests, Clinical Significance, Interpretation of Results, and Keynotes

Aspergillus-Antibody Testing

Introduction Aspergillus antibody testing, specifically IgG and IgE, helps diagnose aspergillosis, particularly chronic pulmonary aspergillosis and allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis, by detecting antibodies in the blood against the fungus.  Types of Tests Clinical Significance Interpreting Results Keynotes Further Readings

Coccidioides-Antigen Testing: Introduction, Purpose, How it works, When it’s used, Types of antigen tests, Limitation, and More

Introduction Coccidioides antigen testing, used to diagnose coccidioidomycosis (also known as valley fever),  detects the presence of fungal antigens in bodily fluids like urine, serum, or cerebrospinal fluid. This aids in faster and more accurate diagnosis, especially in immunocompromised individuals or those with severe disease.  …

Read more

Paracoccidioides-Antibody Testing: Introduction, Principle, Clinical Significance, and Keynotes

Paracoccidioides-Antibody Testing- Introduction, Principle, Clinical Significance, and Keynotes

Introduction Paracoccidioides antibody testing detects antibodies against the Paracoccidioides species. It plays a vital role in diagnosing paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM). Additionally, clinicians use this test to confirm suspected cases. Moreover, the assay identifies immune responses in patient serum. Furthermore, laboratories perform standardized serological tests such as …

Read more

RBC Folate and Serum Folate-Introduction, Test Result, Unit, Reference Range, Test Methods, Clinical Significance, and Keynotes

RBC Folate and Serum Folate-Introduction, Test Result, Unit, Reference Range, Test Methods, Clinical Significance, and Keynotes

Introduction RBC folate measures folate inside red blood cells. Serum folate measures folate in the circulating blood.Moreover, these tests assess both long-term and short-term folate status. Furthermore, they help detect nutritional deficiencies. Test Result Test results reveal the folate concentration level. They indicate deficiency or …

Read more

Candida albicans MCQs Quiz-A Simple Set of Questionnaire for Examination

Candida albicans MCQs Quiz-A Simple Set of Questionnaire for Examination

Introduction Below is a simple set of 15 multiple‐choice questions (MCQs) on Candida albicans designed as a quiz or examination questionnaire. Each question is provided with four answer choices, and the correct answer is indicated after each question. Candida albicans MCQs Quiz 1. Which species …

Read more