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Introduction Stomach cancer, also known as gastric cancer, is a malignant tumor arising from the gastric mucosa. It remains a major global health problem, particularly in East Asia and developing countries. Most cases are diagnosed at an advanced stage due to nonspecific early symptoms. Types …
Introduction Cervical cancer is a malignant neoplasm of the cervix, most commonly arising from the transformation zone of the cervix. It is one of the leading causes of cancer-related morbidity and mortality among women, especially in low- and middle-income countries. Persistent infection with high-risk Human …
Introduction Lung cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide. It arises from the epithelial cells of the bronchial tree or alveoli and is strongly associated with tobacco smoking, although non-smokers may also be affected due to environmental and occupational exposures. Late …
Introduction Aerococcus viridans is a gram-positive coccus that rarely infects humans. It usually inhabits hospital environments. Moreover, it exists in air and water. It causes urinary tract infections, endocarditis, and bacteremia. Additionally, it appears in various clinical specimens. Furthermore, laboratories sometimes misidentify it as viridans …
Introduction Candida albicans is a common fungal pathogen in humans. It inhabits mucosal surfaces naturally and colonizes the gastrointestinal tract and genitourinary system frequently. The organism causes infections in both healthy and immunocompromised individuals and adapts quickly to environmental changes within the host. Clinicians report …
Introduction Streptococcus mutans is a Gram-positive bacterium that colonizes the human oral cavity. Furthermore, it plays a central role in dental plaque formation. The bacterium adheres to tooth surfaces and forms robust biofilms. Moreover, it metabolizes sugars to produce acids that erode enamel. Additionally, researchers …
Introduction The Apolipoprotein B (APOB) Test measures the levels of APOB, a key protein component of low-density lipoproteins (LDL). Moreover, APOB plays a critical role in transporting cholesterol and lipids from the liver to various tissues. In addition, elevated APOB levels are strongly associated with …
Introduction Penicillium cheresanum is a species of mold belonging to the genus Penicillium, commonly found in soil and decaying organic matter. Moreover, it thrives in a variety of environments, demonstrating its adaptability to different ecological conditions. In addition, this mold is known for producing secondary …