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Introduction Sterile pyuria refers to the presence of white blood cells (leukocytes) in the urine without the presence of bacteria or other microorganisms that typically cause urinary tract infections (UTIs). It is called “sterile” because no significant bacterial growth is observed in the urine culture …
Introduction Burkholderia cepacia is a species of gram-negative bacteria within the Burkholderia genus. It is a versatile and opportunistic pathogen that can cause infections in both immunocompromised and healthy individuals. B. cepacia is a significant concern, particularly in individuals with cystic fibrosis (CF) and other …
Introduction Enterococcus is a genus of Gram-positive bacteria that are part of the normal microbial flora of humans and animals. They are facultative anaerobes, meaning they can survive in both the presence and absence of oxygen. Enterococcus species are known for their ability to thrive …
Introduction CA19-9, also known as carbohydrate antigen 19-9, is a tumor marker commonly used in clinical practice. It is a type of glycoprotein, specifically a mucin-like antigen, that is produced by various types of cells, including epithelial cells lining the gastrointestinal tract, gallbladder, and pancreatic …
Introduction Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (AST) is a laboratory technique used to assess the effectiveness of antimicrobial agents, such as antibiotics, against specific microorganisms. The aim of AST is to determine the susceptibility or resistance of a microorganism to different antimicrobial drugs. This information is crucial …
Introduction and Composition Tryptone Soy Broth (TSB) is a versatile and widely used liquid medium in microbiology. It is a nutrient-rich broth that supports the growth of a wide range of bacteria, making it suitable for general cultivation, enumeration, and maintenance of bacterial cultures. TSB …
Introduction Shigella sonnei is a bacterium that is responsible for causing shigellosis, a type of bacterial infection affecting the digestive system. Shigellosis is commonly characterized by symptoms such as diarrhea, abdominal pain, fever, and occasionally, bloody stools. It is a specific serotype of the Shigella …
Introduction Streptococcus oralis is a gram-positive bacterium that belongs to the genus Streptococcus. It is a commensal bacterium that commonly inhabits the human oral cavity, along with other oral streptococci. S. oralis is considered a part of the normal oral microbiota and can be found …