Biofilm formation

Acinetobacter ursingii: Introduction, Morphology, Pathogenicity, Lab Diagnosis, Treatment, Prevention, and Keynote

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Introduction Acinetobacter ursingii is a Gram-negative, non-fermentative, opportunistic bacterium belonging to the genus Acinetobacter. It is an uncommon species compared to Acinetobacter baumannii, but it has been increasingly recognized in healthcare-associated infections (HAIs). Reported cases include bacteremia, septicemia, pneumonia, urinary tract infections, and bloodstream infections, …

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Comparative Microscopy of Candida Species: Introduction, Table, and Keynotes

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Chlamydospores of Candida albicans found in direct clinical sample(sputum) KOH mount Microscopy (Mag.1600X)

Introduction The genus Candida comprises a diverse group of opportunistic yeasts frequently isolated from human clinical specimens. Among them, Candida albicans remains the most common cause of infections; however, non-albicans Candida species, such as C. tropicalis, C. glabrata, and C. krusei, are increasingly recognized as important pathogens in immunocompromised patients, …

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Candida auris Screening in a Simple Setup: Introduction, When to Suspect it, Identification Methods,Confirmatory Identification, and Summary Table

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Candida auris colony morphology

Introduction of Candida auris Screening in a Simple Setup Candida auris Screening in a Simple Setup is possible to presumptively identify Candida auris in a simple laboratory setup, though definitive identification typically requires advanced methods. In resource-limited or basic clinical microbiology labs, we can still …

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Acinetobacter baumannii-Introduction, Morphology, Pathogenicity, Lab Diagnosis, Treatment, Prevention, and Keynotes

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Acinetobacter baumannii in Gram staining of sputum

Introduction Acinetobacter baumannii is a Gram-negative, non-fermenting, aerobic coccobacillus. It is an opportunistic pathogen increasingly associated with nosocomial infections, particularly in critically ill or immunocompromised patients. Notorious for its antibiotic resistance, it has become a major global health concern, particularly in ICU settings. Morphology Pathogenicity …

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Klebsiella ozaenae : Introduction, Morphology, Pathogenicity, Lab Diagnosis, Treatment, Prevention, and Keynotes

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Klebsiella ozaenae colony morphology on CLED agar

Introduction of Klebsiella ozaenae Klebsiella pneumoniae subspecies ozaenae (Klebsiella ozaenae) is a Gram-negative bacterium (GNB), primarily associated with atrophic rhinitis (ozena), a chronic condition of the nasal cavity characterized by tissue thinning and unpleasant odor. It is also known as a normal inhabitant of the oral and …

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Pseudomonas fluorescens: Introduction, Morphology, Pathogenicity, Lab Diagnosis, Treatment, Prevention, and Keynotes

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Gram negative rods (GNRs) of Pseudomonas fluorescens in Gram staining of culture

Introduction Pseudomonas fluorescens inhabits diverse environments and thrives in soil and water. Moreover, it plays a significant role in nutrient cycling. The bacterium exists in numerous ecological niches and adapts quickly to changes. Furthermore, researchers study it for its beneficial and harmful properties. It interacts …

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Streptococcus mutans: Introduction, Morphology, Pathogenicity, Lab Diagnosis, Treatment, Prevention, and Keynotes

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Streptococcus mutans in wet mount of culture microscopic examination

Introduction Streptococcus mutans is a Gram-positive bacterium that colonizes the human oral cavity. Furthermore, it plays a central role in dental plaque formation. The bacterium adheres to tooth surfaces and forms robust biofilms. Moreover, it metabolizes sugars to produce acids that erode enamel. Additionally, researchers …

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Staphylococcus sciuri- Introduction, Morphology, Pathogenicity, Lab Diagnosis, Treatment, Prevention, and Keynotes

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Staphylococcus sciuri Gram positive cocci in singles, pairs, chains and clusters in Gram stain of culture microscopic examination

Introduction Staphylococcus sciuri belongs to the coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) group. Since it thrives in diverse environments, scientists often isolate it from animals, soil, and water. Moreover, it colonizes the skin and mucosal surfaces of humans and animals. Although it usually remains harmless, it can cause …

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