Antigen detection

Immunofluorescent Detection of Mycobacteria Using Polyclonal Anti-BCG Antibody Staining: Introduction, Principle, Clinical Significance, Advantage, Disadvantage, and Keynotes

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Introduction Immunofluorescent staining with polyclonal anti-BCG antibodies is a rapid and specific technique used to detect Mycobacterium species, particularly in clinical and research settings. These antibodies recognize antigenic components of Mycobacterium bovis BCG strain and cross-react with members of the M. tuberculosis complex. The method …

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Coccidioides-Antibody Testing: Introduction, Clinical Significance, Test methods, Result-Interpretation, and Additional Information

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Coccidioides-Antibody Testing: Introduction, Clinical Significance, Test methods, Result-Interpretation, and Additional Information

Introduction For diagnosing coccidioidomycosis (Valley Fever), AI-assisted Coccidioides antibody testing uses enzyme immunoassays (EIA) and immunodiffusion (ID) or complement fixation (CF) tests to detect antibodies against the fungus Coccidioides immitis.  Clinical Significance Types of Tests Used:  How the Tests Work:  Result-Interpretation AI in Coccidioides Antibody Testing …

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Entamoeba histolytica-Introduction, Morphology, Pathogenicity, Lab Diagnosis, Treatment, Prevention, and Keynote

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Entamoeba histolytica-Introduction, Morphology, Pathogenicity, Lab Diagnosis, Treatment, Prevention, and Keynote

Introduction Entamoeba histolytica is a protozoan parasite responsible for amoebic dysentery and amoebiasis. It primarily infects the intestinal tract, causing symptoms like diarrhea, abdominal pain, and sometimes liver abscesses. The parasite has two forms: the infectious cyst and the trophozoite, which causes tissue damage. E. …

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Candidiasis-Introduction, Types, Signs and Symptoms, Causative Agent, Laboratory Diagnosis, Treatment, Prevention and Control, and Keynotes

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Candida albicans growth on SDA after 2 days of incubation

Introduction Candidiasis is an infection caused by Candida fungi, commonly Candida albicans. These fungi naturally live on the skin and inside the body, like in the mouth, throat, gut, and vagina, without causing problems. However, if the environment inside the body changes or the immune …

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Immunofluorescence assay (IFA)-Introduction, Principle, Types, Procedure, Result-Interpretation, Advantage, Disadvantage, and Interfering Factors of ELISA Test Results, and Keynotes

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Introduction Immunofluorescence assay (IFA) is a laboratory technique used for detecting and visualizing specific antigens or antibodies in biological samples. It combines the principles of both immunology and fluorescence microscopy to provide highly specific and sensitive results. IFA is widely employed in various fields, including …

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Streptococcus pneumoniae: Introduction, Morphology, Pathogenicity, Lab Diagnosis, Treatment, Prevention, and Keynotes

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Optochin sensitive Streptococcus pneumoniae

Introduction Streptococcus pneumoniae, commonly known as pneumococcus, is a bacterium that can cause a wide range of infections in humans. It is one of the most significant pathogens responsible for various diseases, particularly pneumonia, meningitis, and otitis media (middle ear infections). Characteristics: Transmission: Diseases caused …

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Immunochromatography: Introduction, Principle, Procedure, Result-Interpretation, Uses and Keynotes

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Rapid tests based on Immunochromatography- Hepatitis A virus, Hepatitis E virus, Syphilis rapid test, ToRCH Rapid test and more

Introduction Immunochromatography, also known as lateral flow immunoassay or rapid test, is a widely used diagnostic technique that allows for the rapid and qualitative detection of specific target substances, such as antigens or antibodies, in various biological samples. It is a simple, cost-effective, and user-friendly …

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Cryptococcus: Introduction, Morphology, Pathogenicity, Lab Diagnosis, Treatment, Prevention, and Keynotes

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Cryptococcus: Introduction, Morphology, Pathogenicity, Lab Diagnosis, Treatment, Prevention, and Keynotes

Introduction Cryptococcus is a genus of fungi that includes several species, the most common of which is Cryptococcus neoformans. These fungi are widely distributed in the environment, particularly in soil and bird droppings. Cryptococcus species are known for causing opportunistic infections, primarily affecting individuals with …

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