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Introduction Polymerase Chain Reaction, commonly known as PCR, is a powerful and widely used molecular biology technique that allows for the amplification of specific DNA sequences. Developed by Kary B. Mullis in 1983, PCR revolutionized the field of genetics and has become an essential tool …
Introduction Listeria monocytogenes is a gram-positive, rod-shaped bacterium that is widely distributed in nature and can cause a serious foodborne infection known as listeriosis. It is one of the few bacterial species capable of growing at refrigeration temperatures, making it a significant concern for food …
Introduction 4+ channel qPCR platforms refer to qPCR instruments that are capable of simultaneously detecting and quantifying multiple fluorescent signals from four or more different targets within a single reaction tube. These instruments are often used in gene expression studies, genotyping, and other applications where …
Introduction of Serological Tests Serological tests also known as serology tests or antigen or antibody tests are any of several laboratory procedures carried out on blood specimens (the serum-an amber-colored, protein-rich fluid that separates out when blood coagulates) for the purpose of detecting antibodies or …
Introduction of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Genes Detection Human papillomaviruses (HPV) are small double-stranded (ds) DNA viruses that belong to the family of Papillomaviridae. having a circular genome of the size of approximately 7.9-kilobases. There are more than 100 types of HPV that have been identified, …
Introduction of Antigen Versus PCR for SARS-CoV-2 Antigen and PCR tests in COVID-19 patients are the most common assays applicable for laboratory diagnosis of COVID-19 caused by a virus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‑CoV‑2). The antigen is a foreign substance that induces an …